-Dark Themes
-Mental Healh
-Psychopathic
-Sadistic
Do I agree with the article?
a) PASSIVE AUDIENCE THEORY
Hypodermic syringe - implies that media has a negatice impact. Mass audience believe everyhing they/hear (Adorno and Horkheimer).
In the 1940-50's, the mass media were percieved as an extreme influence towards audiences adapted behaviour. This was linked to rise of advertising and consumerism.
This model does not hold much positivity for the audience, however it is a good method for a meia producer, politicians and also towards the use of marketing.
In 1975 Vance Packard looked at the relationship between advertising and media effects in his book the 'Hidden Persuaders'.
He believed the media were condiioning people o want products and services with the rise of consumerism.
When the 'mass media' demonise groups, people or products they beleive become a threat to society, values and inerests it is called a 'moral panic' (Stanley Cohen, 1972).
The group/products are referred to as 'folk devils'.
Violence in the media
Anderson (2007) that high exposure to fast-paced violent games can lead to changes in brain function when processing violent images, incluing dapening of emotional resposes to violence. One of the high risk factors?
This is known as desensitisation.
Ferguson (2012) showed no long term link over three years.
Three media products that have ben critiised for being too violentnegatie impact.
Copycat violence.
1. A clockwork orange.
This film features a scene when a gang rapes a woman, while singing "singing in the rain" inspired a real-life gang rape where they sang singing in the rain. There was also a man who dressed as droog who assaulted a woman.
2. Grand Theft Auto IV
3. Marlyn Manson
Representation
Who is being represented
All representations are mediated (Hall, 1980).
Is there use of stereotypes/countertypes (Perkins, 1979). Not all steriotypes are negative.
Represntaion of woman - are they objectified (Mulvey, 1975). Representation of men (Earp and Katz, 1999) - 'equation of masculinity with pathological control and violence'.
Represenation of gay poeple (Butler, 1993) - are they steriotypical.
Alvardo (1987), Hall (1995) - ethnicity 'exotic, dangerous, humorous, pitied'.
Turton (2014) - hooligans, trouble causers. Teenage, Black and Asian boys.
Lloyd (1995) girls as 'double deviant' - trouble causers bu shouuldn't be because they are 'women'
X-Men: DOFP Critisms, violence
Jeniffers lawrences body.
b.) ACTIVE AUDIENCE THEORY
Other school of thought - we are able to filter and adapt to onent in media (Gauntlett, 1995) - backwards...
We have uses and gratification (McQuail, 1972) theory - people use media for their own purposes?
Provides a more positive outlook on the effects of media.
Hall (1980) encoding / decoding model.
Preferred reading - by audience depending on their background but accepts the dominant viewpoint/story.
Negoitiated reading - partially agrees with meaning
Oppositional reading - meaning understood but don't agree and think opposite.
Aberrant - gets the completely wrong meaning entirely.
Positive effecs of X-Men: DOFP?
What can it be used for? Any messages?
Identiy the potential impact of a media product you have studied on the audience
X-Men: DOFP Critisms, violence
Jeniffers lawrences body.
b.) ACTIVE AUDIENCE THEORY
Other school of thought - we are able to filter and adapt to onent in media (Gauntlett, 1995) - backwards...
We have uses and gratification (McQuail, 1972) theory - people use media for their own purposes?
Provides a more positive outlook on the effects of media.
Hall (1980) encoding / decoding model.
Preferred reading - by audience depending on their background but accepts the dominant viewpoint/story.
Negoitiated reading - partially agrees with meaning
Oppositional reading - meaning understood but don't agree and think opposite.
Aberrant - gets the completely wrong meaning entirely.
Positive effecs of X-Men: DOFP?
What can it be used for? Any messages?
Identiy the potential impact of a media product you have studied on the audience
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